Recurrent droughts have threatened crop yields and livelihoods of many small-scale farmers in dryland areas of Kenya. An evaluation of sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench) and green gram [(Vigna radiata (L.) Wilezek) intercropping was conducted to determine the yield and competitiveness among the green gram varieties and crop arrangements. Two field experiments were performed simultaneously during the 2022 short rain season in two dryland areas of southeastern Kenya. Four green gram varieties (N26, KS20, Biashara, and Karembo) and three crop arrangements (sole crop, double row, and single row) and control of both sole crop green gram and sorghum were used. Treatments were placed in a randomized complete block design with a split-plot arrangement where a crop arrangement system formed the main plots while the green gram variety assumed the subplots and was replicated three times. Data collected were soil fertility status at the start of the trials, nodulation, plant height, and yield of green gram and sorghum. Competition ratio was used to assess the intercropping systems. Green gram variety N26 outperformed the other varieties, irrespective of crop arrangement. Competition ratios (CR) between the two crops showed that the CR of green gram was 1, thus legume(s) were more aggressive in affecting the growth of sorghum. The study findings. indicate that green gram was more aggressive than sorghum and the double row planting of N26 enhances competitiveness and productivity of sorghum-green gram intercropping systems in dryland areas. This crop arrangement can improve land use efficiency, increase grain yields, and contribute to improved food security in arid and semi-arid regions of Kenya. Further studies are proposed to screen for green gram varieties that are compatible with sorghum to provide optimal intercropping productivity in different agro ecological zones