Malaysian Journal of Sustainable Agriculture (MJSA)

Rice is the major source of carbohydrate in the world and also the common composition in avoidable food waste. Due to the rich food culture in Malaysia, different pretreated rice waste is generated and the pretreat-component may affect the outcome in managing the rice waste using fly larvae. In this study, black soldier fly larvae (BSFL; Hermetia illucens) and house fly larvae (HFL; Musca domestica) are introduced to four types of rice waste: 1) steamed white rice (WR), 2) rice with curry (CR), 3) rice with coconut milk (CCR), and 4) fried rice (FR). The reduction rate of rice waste and larval survival rate, and nutrient analysis were measured by prepupal stages of both fly larvae. BSFL showed no significant difference in the reduction for four types of rice wastes (p= 0.28) and significantly higher survival rate than HFL for the CR and CCR wastes; indicating better tolerant to the feeding substrate. Although BSFL has significantly gre ater reduction rate (3.03 – 3.26 g /10 larvae/ day) than HFL, but in a fixed timeframe (20-25 days) four batches of HFL were generated and therefore having significantly more mass production than BSFL (500g of substrates generating 11.96g of BSFL but 22.62g of HFL). Rice waste management using fly larvae is effective subjected to the needs and purpose; BSFL is more adaptive to different types of rice waste and high in fat content, whereas HFL is sensitive to the waste but high in protein content.

In this paper successive depletion of groundwater level with expansion of ground water irrigation in Barind Tract has been discussed from 1985 to 2015. Rajshahi is a city in western Bangladesh. It is located in the north-west part of the country and situated on the northern banks of the river Padma. After starting of groundwater irrigation in Bangladesh, it spread rapidly all over the country, and about 80% of agricultural land is now supplied irrigation from groundwater. This study was conducted to estimate the Consumptive use and Crop Irrigation Requirement for various crops like Amon(rice), Boro(rice), Wheat and Potato. Blaney-Criddle Method was used in this study. In this study, data was collected from the zonal office of Barind Multipurpose Development Authority (BMDA), Rajshahi and Bangladesh Meteorological Department, Meteorological complex, Green Road, Dhaka. From the data analysis, the maximum value of consumptive use is 27.88 cm in the month of April, 1989 and minimum value of consumptive use is 2.02 cm in the month of February, 2011. The maximum value of Crop Irrigation Requirement is 21.66 cm in 1987

Salinity and sodicity is today one of the most shocking threat in the irrigated agriculture. Mostly this is an abiotic strain that influences germination and plant growth. Quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Wild.) has garnered much attention in recent years because it is an excellent source of plant-based protein and is highly tolerance of soil salinity and sodicity. Protein content in most quinoa accessions has been reported to range from 12 to 17%, depending on variety, environment, and input sit is traditionally called the mother of grains having the potential to habitat under high saline sodic conditions environment. The aim of the present protocol was to investigate the germination and growth of quinoa plant under different naturally salt affected soils. Quiona weeds were sown in different salt affected soils comparing with a normal soil. A pot experiment was planned using randomized complete block design with three replicates. Non- significant results regarding germination among different naturally salt affected and normal soils was determined However germination percentage was reduced to 66.8 % by soil5 having (SAR= 37.2). In other words Quinoa seeds were germinated up to (SAR= 37.2). Results of Quinoa plant height, fresh weight, and dry weight after two weeks were significantly affected by different naturally salt affected and normal soils. This study revealed the quiona growth was inversely proportional to the sodium absorption ratio. Reduction in growth parameters was associated with increasing trend of SAR due to the presence of excessive salts in plant tissues.